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Data as of 2026-10-22 · Snapshot 2026-10-22 · Methodology version 1CA Sea Change Atlas · https://seachangeatlas.org/county-profiles/county/orange/2026-10-22/
California Sea Change Atlas · County profile
Orange County
Data as of 22 October 2026 · Methodology version 1
Flood hazard · Orange County, CA
Flood hazard
To create the beginnings of a vulnerability assessment, this snapshot combines local vulnerability data with maps that depict the 100-year floodplain.
People at Risk
Rising populations in flood prone areas exacerbate flooding risk. Impacts can be greater to the elderly or those with a low income, as these citizens may not have the resources to adequately prepare or recover.
4.4%
of Orange County’s land area is inside the FEMA 100-year floodplain.
Share of population at risk
Population123,002 of 3,165,820Aged 65 and over21,106 of 514,824Below the poverty line12,621 of 296,883
Flooded Facilities Can't Provide Critical Services
First responders. Hospitals. Shelters. All play a central role in response and recovery. Incorporating vulnerability information into planning efforts save lives (fewer instances where critical services are made unavailable) and is cost effective (fewer damages to facilities).
3.6%
of the critical facilities in Orange County falls within the FEMA 100-year floodplain.
Critical facilities, by type.
Inside the floodplain
Outside the floodplain
Critical facilities, by type: data table
Category
Inside the floodplain
Outside the floodplain
Schools
29
735
Police stations
1
39
Fire stations
4
138
Medical facilities
1
34
SourcesUSGS National Structures Dataset(2026-07-29)FEMA National Flood Hazard Layer(2009–2019)
Homes at Risk
Flooding is costly for homeowners, no doubt. But the community also shares in the cost as lowered property values negatively affect tax revenues.
$14.3M
paid by the National Flood Insurance Program on 1,831 claims in Orange County since 1996.
NFIP payouts by five-year period.
NFIP payouts by five-year period: data table
Category
Value
1996–2000
$5,603,806
2001–2005
$2,100,377
2006–2010
$3,209,890
2011–2015
$444,114
2016–2020
$1,300,846
2021–2025
$1,643,673
SourcesOpenFEMA NFIP claims(2026-09-08)
Being Underwater Is Not a Good Business Plan
Flood-related losses of services, revenues, and salaries can hit a community hard.
3.4%
of all 1,713,003 jobs in Orange County are in the FEMA 100-year floodplain.
SourcesLEHD LODES8 workplace area characteristics(2023)Census 2020 tabulation blocks (TIGERweb)(2020)FEMA National Flood Hazard Layer(2009–2019)
A Better Future is a Greener Future
How do past development trends in your county compare to today’s approach? Development in flood-prone areas should be kept to a minimum. Creating more greenspace, which acts as a flooding buffer, lowers flood risk. Adding more impervious surfaces (even outside of the floodplain) can increase runoff and exacerbate flooding.
36.5%
(12.3 square miles) of the designated 100-year floodplain are natural features.
Development added, 1996–2021, as a share of land developed by 2021
Inside the floodplain1.3 of 19.9Outside the floodplain44.6 of 450.7
Development added
Already developed in 1996
SourcesNOAA C-CAP regional land cover(1996–2021)FEMA National Flood Hazard Layer(2009–2019)
Visualize sea level rise exposure with this snapshot. Consider incorporating this data into all community planning strategies. In many communities, rising sea levels are already increasing the impacts of high tide flooding and storm surge events.
Projections for the Los Angeles tide gauge, assigned to Orange County. Exposure at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 ft above MHHW.
People at Risk
Rising population numbers exacerbate potential flooding risk; impacts can be even greater when social vulnerability factors (age, income, capabilities) are involved, as these citizens may not be able to adequately prepare and respond.
1.0%
(32,672 people) of Orange County’s total population lives in areas exposed to just 2 ft of sea level rise. As is already the case in many parts of the country, these areas are the first to experience impacts.
Residents exposed at each increment of sea level rise.
2 ft
4 ft
6 ft
8 ft
10 ft
Affected in low-lying areas
Residents exposed at each increment of sea level rise: data table
Each cell: exposure in ocean-connected areas; the figure in parentheses beneath includes isolated low-lying areas.
Flooded Facilities Can't Provide Critical Services
Fire and police stations. Hospitals. Shelters. These facilities play a central role in response and recovery. Understanding future exposure can help reduce damages and the conditions that make these services unavailable.
0.5%
(5 of 981 facilities) of Orange County’s critical facilities are in areas exposed to just 2 ft of sea level rise. These areas are the first to experience impacts.
Facilities exposed at each increment of sea level rise.
Facilities exposed at each increment of sea level rise: data table
Each cell: facilities exposed in ocean-connected areas; the figure in parentheses beneath includes isolated low-lying areas.
Category
Total
2 ft exposed
4 ft exposed
6 ft exposed
8 ft exposed
10 ft exposed
Schools
764
0(3)
4(8)
15(15)
19(19)
23(24)
Police stations
40
1(1)
2(2)
3(3)
3(3)
3(3)
Fire stations
142
0(1)
4(4)
5(5)
7(7)
8(8)
Medical facilities
35
0(0)
0(0)
0(0)
0(0)
0(0)
SourcesUSGS National Structures Dataset(2026-07-29)NOAA Sea Level Rise Viewer inundation extents(2026)
Being Underwater Is Not a Good Business Plan
Flood-related losses of services, revenues, and salaries can hit a community hard.
0.4%
(6,489 jobs) of Orange County’s jobs are in areas exposed to just 2 ft of sea level rise.
Jobs in areas exposed at each increment of sea level rise.
Ocean-connected
Additional, in low-lying areas
Jobs in areas exposed at each increment of sea level rise: data table
Make it a goal: more natural areas (wetlands, forests, parks, dunes, etc.) to absorb floodwaters and protect the community, and less development in flood-prone areas. Consider not only today’s floodplain, but also the floodplain extent projected for the future.
36.4%
(3.2 of 8.8 square miles) of the land inundated in Orange County at 2 ft of sea level rise would be natural: wetland or upland.
Land cover inundated at each increment of sea level rise.
Wetlands
Upland
Other
Land cover inundated at each increment of sea level rise: data table
Because a number of factors are involved, sea level rise projections are often expressed as scenarios. For projects involving structures with a long lifespan or where a loss would be catastrophic (power plants, ports, hospitals), the higher sea level rise scenarios should be considered. For projects with a shorter lifespan (bike paths, golf courses, parks), lower sea level rise scenarios may be appropriate.
Projections at the Los Angeles gauge, by scenario
Feet above 2000, in 2050 and 2100
Intermediate
Intermediate-High
High
¤ Under 1 ft, the lowest level the map shows.
Year each increment is reached
Sea level rise
Intermediate
Intermediate-High
High
2 ft
2087
2069
2062
4 ft
2120
2094
2082
6 ft
after 2150
2120
2098
8 ft
after 2150
after 2150
2114
10 ft
after 2150
after 2150
2136
SourcesCalifornia Ocean Protection Council, State of California Sea Level Rise Guidance: 2024 Science & Policy Update, Appendix 2(2024)
Understanding the businesses at risk from a changing climate is important. This data covers all economic activity occurring in coastal shoreline counties: jobs in banks, grocery stores, local government, and everything in between.
If You Can't Measure It, You Can't Protect It
9.1%
of all employment in California is in Orange County.
Establishments
152,412
Jobs
1,663,220
Wages
$141.15B
GDP* (excludes Public administration)
$326.43B
* Excludes Public administration.
SourcesBLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (annual averages)(2025)BEA GDP by state and industry (SAGDP2), California(2025)
Diverse Economies are Resilient Economies
An economy comprised of multiple sectors can better handle disruptions, including storms and economic downturns. Understanding how each sector is represented in your coastal county is important, particularly for hazard mitigation planning.
22.6%
of Orange County’s workforce works in Education and health services, its largest sector by employment.
Share of the county total, by sector.
Share of the county total, by sector: data table
Category
Construction
Financial activities
Education and health services
Information
Leisure and hospitality
Manufacturing
Natural resources and mining
Other services
Professional and business services
Public administration
Trade, transportation, and utilities
Establishments
8,637
14,426
55,736
1,554
10,931
5,160
189
8,833
26,646
342
19,244
Wages
$10.34B
$13.96B
$26.33B
$3.79B
$9.19B
$18.03B
$127.57M
$2.66B
$32.05B
$5.1B
$19.54B
Employment
103,911
101,422
375,031
22,239
235,555
149,494
1,995
52,341
310,960
44,980
265,001
GDP* (excludes Public administration)
$18.74B
$95.16B
$26.1B
$11.09B
$18.26B
$43.84B
$370.12M
$6.32B
$51.22B
withheld
$55.33B
Construction
Financial activities
Education and health services
Information
Leisure and hospitality
Manufacturing
Natural resources and mining
Other services
Professional and business services
Public administration
Trade, transportation, and utilities
Shares exclude withheld sectors.
* Excludes Public administration.
SourcesBLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (annual averages)(2025)BEA GDP by state and industry (SAGDP2), California(2025)
Coastal Jobs Are Vulnerable
Many jobs in coastal counties are vulnerable to flooding. This graphic shows the number of jobs threatened by two flood scenarios: current flooding (the 100-year floodplain) and future flooding (six feet of sea level rise).
Potential jobs affected by current flooding
58,113
Potential jobs affected by future flooding
23,844
SourcesLEHD LODES8 workplace area characteristics(2023)Census 2020 tabulation blocks (TIGERweb)(2020)FEMA National Flood Hazard Layer(2009–2019)NOAA Sea Level Rise Viewer inundation extents(2026)
Wages
Understanding the economic vulnerability of the workforce helps leaders better understand the long- and short-term impact of coastal storms, economic downturns, etc. In general, the sectors with the lowest average wages are more likely to be affected.
Leisure and hospitality has the lowest average wage per job in Orange County.
Average wage per job, by sector.
County
Coastal California
Coastal U.S.
Average wage per job, by sector: data table
Category
County
Coastal California
Coastal U.S.
Construction
$91,805
$90,408
$81,228
Financial activities
$126,941
$153,898
$150,835
Education and health services
$66,753
$71,683
$67,902
Information
$148,585
$253,512
$193,507
Leisure and hospitality
$35,646
$42,925
$37,140
Manufacturing
$104,132
$136,488
$98,915
Natural resources and mining
$56,449
$48,079
$76,365
Other services
$47,921
$53,772
$54,194
Professional and business services
$91,848
$129,224
$111,600
Public administration
$100,998
$108,423
$92,868
Trade, transportation, and utilities
$69,245
$72,890
$63,631
Coastal U.S. means the shoreline counties of 29 states and the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, not the whole country.
SourcesBLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (annual averages), wages comparison year(2023)NOAA Total Economy (Coastal), shoreline counties of California and of the U.S.(2023)
Total Jobs
Many economic reports don't include the self-employed in their job numbers, yet this group can play an important role in the local economy. Most commercial fishermen, for instance, are self-employed.
90,763
professional and business services workers in Orange County are self-employed, more than any other sector.
Employed workers, 2025
1,663,220
Self-employed workers, 2024
334,683
SourcesBLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (annual averages)(2025)Census Nonemployer Statistics(2024)
Some figures are estimated with NOAA's Open ENOW method, and some are withheld. How estimates are made: https://seachangeatlas.org/county-profiles/about/economy/#estimated. Why figures are withheld: https://seachangeatlas.org/county-profiles/about/economy/#withheld-reasons
Businesses that are dependent on marine resources are particularly vulnerable to coastal hazards. (Note: “Total coastal economy” refers to all economic activity in the shoreline counties and is covered in the total economy section of this page.)
If You Can't Measure It, You Can't Protect It
3.5%
of total employment in Orange County is in the marine economy.
Establishments
2,673
Jobs
58,509
Wages
$2.68B
GDP
$4.95B
SourcesBLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (annual averages)(2025)BEA GDP by state and industry (SAGDP2), California(2025)Census ZIP Code Business Patterns and shoreline-adjacent ZIP codes(2023)
Business Diversity
Understanding the types and amounts of businesses in the marine economy will inform community planning and management initiatives. This graphic highlights the six sectors that make up the marine economy.
82.2%
of Orange County’s marine economy workforce works in Tourism and recreation, its largest sector by employment.
Share of the county total, by sector.
Share of the county total, by sector: data table
Category
Living resources
Marine construction
Marine transportation
Offshore mineral resources
Ship and boat building
Tourism and recreation
Establishments
47
26
224
37
7
2,332
Wages
$18.43M
$34.38M
$827.38M
$27.16M
≈ $5.74M
$1.77B
Employment
259
308
9,528
242
≈ 74
48,099
GDP
$60.42M
$62.33M
$1.19B
$98.05M
≈ $11.78M
$3.53B
Living resources
Marine construction
Marine transportation
Offshore mineral resources
Ship and boat building
Tourism and recreation
≈The approximately-equals sign and hatched segments are estimates.
SourcesBLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (annual averages)(2025)BEA GDP by state and industry (SAGDP2), California(2025)Census ZIP Code Business Patterns and shoreline-adjacent ZIP codes(2023)
Wages
Understanding wage vulnerability helps leaders better understand the long and short-term impact of coastal storms, economic downturns, etc. Lower wage sectors are usually affected the most.
Tourism and recreation has the lowest average wage per job in Orange County.
Average wage per job, by sector.
County
Coastal California
All Coastal States
Average wage per job, by sector: data table
Category
County
Coastal California
All Coastal States
Living resources
$63,027
$64,138
$59,563
Marine construction
$109,054
$135,639
$102,260
Marine transportation
$87,456
$93,343
$72,991
Offshore mineral resources
$111,074
$134,731
$193,706
Ship and boat building
$75,241
$89,401
$82,170
Tourism and recreation
$35,844
$37,578
$35,063
All Coastal States means the coastal portions of 30 states, not the whole country.
SourcesBLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (annual averages), wages comparison year(2024)NOAA Open ENOW (California and All Coastal States)(2024)Census ZIP Code Business Patterns and shoreline-adjacent ZIP codes(2023)
Total Jobs
Many economic reports don't include the self-employed in their job numbers, yet this group can play an important role in the local economy. Most commercial fishermen, for instance, are self-employed.
511
marine transportation workers in Orange County are self-employed, more than any other sector.
Employed workers, 2025
58,509
Self-employed workers, 2021
1,587
SourcesBLS Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (annual averages)(2025)Census ZIP Code Business Patterns and shoreline-adjacent ZIP codes(2023)NOAA ENOW self-employed workers(2021)
Some figures are estimated with NOAA's Open ENOW method, and some are withheld. How estimates are made: https://seachangeatlas.org/county-profiles/about/economy/#estimated. Why figures are withheld: https://seachangeatlas.org/county-profiles/about/economy/#withheld-reasons
